Hours of Joanna I of Castile and Philip the Fair
The Hours of Joanna I of Castile and Philip the Fair is an outstanding treasure of late–15th century Flemish illumination: originating from a royal commission, the manuscript is decorated with references to its owner all around – escutcheons, devises, and even portraits. The exuberant illumination consisting of 800+ miniatures was fashioned by no less a figure than the famous Master of the David Scenes from the Breviarium Grimani!
Hours of Joanna I of Castile and Philip the Fair
Joanna I of Castile (1479–1555), also known as Joanna the Mad, lived a turbulent and fateful life. As the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella, she inherited the crowns of Aragon and Castile and according to legend found her great love in Philip the Fair, the only son of Emperor Maximilian I. The two were married in the year 1496. Nevertheless, after Philip’s sudden death, Joanna’s rule was plagued by political intrigue and psychological problems and she spent the last years of her life imprisoned in Tordesillas with the epithet the Mad.
Numerous Personal References to the Queen
The Hours of Joanna I of Castile is an impressive testimonial to her faith. The precious manuscript was made in a size typical for a private devotional book of this kind, only measuring 11 x 8 cm. It probably originated in Bruges ca. 1486–1506. That the book of hours was personally tailored to Joanna and was thus probably commissioned by herself or received as a gift is indicated by a few references. Thus, one finds inter alia two wonderful pages with portraits of the Queen in the manuscript. For example, one of these depictions shows her immersed in prayer before the open book, behind her are John the Baptist and a guardian angel. This portrait is surrounded by escutcheons and mottos and presents Joanna’s initials interconnected with those of her husband Philip the Fair.
The Mysterious Master
Yet, these portraits are only two of 83 full-page miniatures altogether among the manuscript’s 800+ visual depictions. These are gorgeously prepared, extremely high quality, and show lively figures amidst a Flemish-style landscape and surroundings. Not only do the primary miniatures deserve a closer look, but also and especially the frames with their richly diverse designs because every detail is loaded with tremendous importance. The outstanding artist who created this splendor is the so-called Master of the David Scenes of the Breviarium Grimani, a mysterious miniaturist who has been named among the greatest artists of the time in research, like e.g. Hans Memling or Simon Bening.
Something Unusual in the Text
Nonetheless, not only is the artistic décor of the small royal devotional book special, but idiosyncrasies also appear in the text, inter alia a few less-common religious and liturgical texts. Following the calendar with typical depictions of the course of the farming year and zodiac signs is the so-called Speculum conscientie with the text of the Ten Commandments, the Seven Deadly Sins, the Cardinal Virtues, and other parts of the catechism.
Codicology
- Alternative Titles
- Hours of Joanna I of Castile
Hours of Joanna the Mad
Libro d'ore di Giovanna I di Castiglia e Filippo il Bello
Las muy ricas Horas de Juana I de Castilla - Size / Format
- 850 pages / 11.0 × 8.0 cm
- Origin
- Belgium
- Date
- 1486–1496
- Epochs
- Style
- Genre
- Language
- Script
- Gothic Textura
- Illustrations
- 844 miniatures illuminated with gold; 83 full-page miniatures; 767 bizarre figures, as well as 767 beautiful flowers, birds and insects illustrations
- Content
- Various texts on faith including those on the Ten Commandments, the Seven Mortal Sins, the Articles of the Faith, the Five Senses, the Seven Acts of Mercy, the Theological Virtues, the Cardinal Virtues, the Seven Gifts of the Holy Spirit, and the Sacramen
- Patron
- Joanna I of Castile
- Artist / School
- Rogier van der Weyden
Simon Marmion - Previous Owners
- Joanna I of Castile and Philip the Fair
Hours of Joanna I of Castile and Philip the Fair
Bas-de-page Drollery
One of the finest features of this manuscript is its marginal décor, which is filled with flowers, insects, birds, and drolleries – animal-human hybrids that are typically comical and allegorical in nature. This figure is human from the waste up and holding a cudgel over its head, but it has the body of a lion and the wings of a dragon. It appears to be wearing a red shirt with golden ring mail with yellow sleeves and a blue hood. One is left wondering what this drollery is about to strike.

Hours of Joanna I of Castile and Philip the Fair
Virgin Lactans
This miniature has been created by a masterful hand with all the detail of a panel painting because it is modelled on a work by the great Rogier van der Weyden. The serene baby Jesus opens his lips to suckle and looks as though he just awoke from a nap. Golden rays emanate from Madonna and child, and gold highlights her blue robe and the brocade sleeves of her dress.
The Virgin Mary is depicted with strawberry blonder hair, pursed pink lips, and large eyes that are turned downward at her child. Her face is contemplative and focused, as is the scene overall. The subjects fill the frame and leave little room for the interior space in which they sit or the landscape in the background, only a suggestion of which is given through the window.

#1 Las Muy Ricas Horas de Juana I de Castilla
Language: Spanish, English
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