Codex Schürstab

The handbook of medicine in the Middle Ages, the most famous edition of which is the Codex Schürstab, originates from 15th century Nuremberg and sheds light on the various rules of health that are recorded here in old German layman’s language. In the Middles Ages, the dominant teachings of the four elements and especially the influence of the planets on the Earth and people that was taught at universities were made accessible to less-educated people on the 124 pages of this work, which is decorated with a total of 54 impressive miniatures.

The Medical Guidebook of the Middle Ages

Of the Influence of the Stars encapsulates the astrological phenomena, of which people in the Middle Ages attributed great importance. The planets influenced not only the weather and years, but also had a direct influence on the lifespan of a person, on the progression of diseases, and the treatment of such illnesses. There were specific times recommended, in which bloodletting would be best conducted, when laxatives should be taken or even when it would be better to leave it alone. The work gives the modern reader a comprehensive depiction of the medieval worldview.

Medieval Astronomy and Hygienics

The work opens with tables that serve as a basis for the calculation of the lunar phases and feast days. Following thereafter is a calendar with rules for the months and twelve chapters, which are dedicated to the explanation of the zodiac in great detail and with appealing miniatures. These are accompanied with seven-part groups of text, which are characterized by a spherical depiction of the stars and planets and comprise a comprehensive planetary lesson. The next part of the book describes the doctrine of humors that had already been practiced since antiquity. In clear, impressive miniatures, the properties and behaviors were thematized, which were linked to the four different humors of the body (choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, and melancholic). The last group of themes in the work are concerned with medical aspects such as blood-letting, blood-testing, bathing, and cupping. Finally one finds a few prescriptions that were useful for good health.

Astute Illustrations

An unknown artist is responsible for the 54 miniatures of preeminent quality. In the highest technical refinement and applying the finest paints, he illustrated the pages of the work. He is guided by traditional picture motifs of medieval book painting, but mates every illustration with his own personal touch. This allows him to combine Gothic Realism with the cheerful style of late medieval bourgeoisie. Through the use of the finest colors and shimmering gold leaf the paintings were made into a small but valuable work of art.