Created for Emperor Ferdinand I: a beautifully designed overview of the sophistication of Northern Renaissance calligraphy
Model Book of Calligraphy
Vienna (Austria) — 1596

Model Book of Calligraphy
Vienna (Austria) — 1596
A fine survey of various scripts and decorative elements from the final and most splendid period of manuscript production
The manuscript was created for Emperor Ferdinand I (1503–64) and was later owned by Emperor Rudolf II (1552–1612)
Initially created by Georg Bocskay (d. 1575), it was later illuminated by Joris Hoefnagel (1542–1601)

Model Book of Calligraphy
Idealized Nature
Here we see that this gorgeously executed manuscript is so much more than a calligraphic model book – it is also a fantastic specimen of the Northern Renaissance that blends naturalism and idealism with shadows suggesting a light source from the background. The frog’s green and black camouflage is depicted with a sheen indicating that it is wet while it sits alongside a blue lily. Meanwhile, a dragonfly with hairy legs lands upon the long stem of a freshly sliced pear.
Model Book of Calligraphy
- Preiskategorie: €
Short Description
The splendid Mira calligraphiae monumenta is simultaneously a magnificent work concerning calligraphy as well as one of the last great masterpieces of illumination from a time when manuscripts were being rapidly replaced by printed books. The imperial court calligrapher Georg Bocksay (d. 1575) began the work in the year 1561 at the behest of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I (1503-64), whose grandson Rudolf II (1552-1612) would commission the Flemish illuminator Joris Hoefnagel (1542-1601), one of the last of his kind, to artfully adorn it in 1590. Two masterful hands are evident in this work, and they seem to vie with one another for who practices the higher art.
Model Book of Calligraphy
This fine work originated over the course of thirty years, resulting from generations of patrons and artisans alike, it was commissioned by Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I (1503-64) and completed under his grandson Rudolf II (1552-1612). The Mira calligraphiae monumenta is a splendidly adorned calligraphic model book originally written by Georg Bocksay (d. 1575), the imperial court calligrapher, and which was masterfully decorated after his death by Joris Hoefnagel (1542-1601). Hoefnagel’s illuminations are rooted in the Ghent-Bruges school of the 15th and 16th centuries, but also show signs of the emerging style of Netherlandish still life painting.
30 Years of Artistic Labor
After the project was originally conceived of by Ferdinand I, work began on the Model Book in Vienna between 1561 and 1562, when Bocksay laid down his masterful calligraphy on parchment, but it was not until 1590 that Rudolf II commissioned Hoefnagel with artfully filling out the pages. Soon the manuscript was filled with plants, fruits, flowers, animals, insects, and cityscapes. Large letters were constructed with hybrid creatures and fanciful masks. Hoefnagel was arguably attempting to assert the superiority of imagery over the written word at a time when the illuminated manuscript was a fast-dying book form. His artwork is a mixture of naturalism and illusionism: highly detailed, three dimensional depictions of apples cut in two and reptiles with iridescent skin. The imperial Kunstkammer or Cabinet of Curiosities provided models of various bones, shells, fossils, and other natural specimens for the artist to study up close. Finally, Hoefnagel employed a brilliant color palette as well as gold and silver to illustrate virtually every page of the manuscript, making him one of the last of the great illuminators.
A Highly Coveted Work
After its second imperial patron and owner died in 1612, the manuscript passed through various private hands before coming into the possession of the Austrian engineer and metalsmith Albert Milde in 1887. After passing through another set of hands, it was acquired by the German art collector Friedrich Ludwig von Gans in 1916. Two more private owners had this magnificent piece of Renaissance illumination all to themselves before it was sold in 1986 to the J. Paul Getty Museum, which had been aggressively collecting illuminated manuscripts since inheriting $1.2 billion dollars in 1982. It remains an important part of the fabulous collection in Los Angeles to this day.
Codicology
- Alternative Titles
- Preiskategorie: €
- Size / Format
- 127 folios / 16.6 × 12.4 cm
- Origin
- Vienna (Austria)
- Date
- 1596
- Epochs
- Style
- Language
- Content
- The first part is a model writing book, while the second part consists of a constructed alphabet.
- Artist / School
- Georg Bocskay
Joris Hoefnagel

Model Book of Calligraphy
Ten Commandments and Maypole Dance
This black dyed page presents the calligrapher with a lavish opportunity to show off his great skill. Only a true master would be entrusted with gold ink, which stands out wonderfully against the black parchment. The iron-copper solution used to dye the pages was itself expensive and difficult to create, and as such is extremely rare.
Above the text, a cloud appears to explode with a cacophony of light and thundering trumpets as Moses receives the Ten Commandments on two stone tablets. This scene from the Old Testament is contrasted by the pagan bas-de-page miniature, which shows an expansive landscape in which people dance around a maypole before a field of colorful tents and is presented as though painted on the side of a Roman sofa.
1 available facsimile edition(s) of „Model Book of Calligraphy“
Mira Calligraphiae Monumenta
- Publisher
- Faksimile Verlag – Lucerne, 1993
- Limited Edition
- 290 copies
- Commentary
-
1 volume by Lee Hendrix, Thea Vignau-Wilberg, Regula Krahenbuhl
Language: German - More Information
- Reproduction of the entire original document as detailed as possible (scope, format, colors). The binding may not correspond to the original or current document binding.
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