Gothic Alphabet of Mary of Burgundy

Gothic Alphabet of Mary of Burgundy

Although this splendid work bears the appearance of a model book used by scribes and illuminators to demonstrate their skills to potential clients, this codex containing a splendid Gothic alphabet originated as a primer for one of the wealthiest young noblewomen in 15th century Europe. Human figures, acanthus leaves, and grotesques can be found among the incredibly sophisticated and stylish Gothic initials of this rare late-medieval manuscript. Originating ca. 1460, the original Dutch manuscript is believed to have been commissioned by the Duke of Burgundy, Charles the Bold (1433-77) for his only child, Mary of Burgundy (1457-82). The specimen at hand is a splendid mid-16th century copy made in France and may have been used as a pattern book for the education of the young Mary.

An Elaborate Gothic Style

This manuscript contains a particularly elaborate and flourished version of Gothic script known as “cadel initials” from the old French verb, cadeler meaning “to pamper”. It is also known as cadeaux in French for “gift”, which Michelle Brown defines as “a calligraphic decorative extension to the ascending or descending strokes of letters, usually on the first or last lines of a page. They sometimes feature human or animal heads.” Such pattern books evolved into copy books of specimens demonstrating the skill and virtuosity of the scribe. In this manuscript, human figures and acanthus leaves adorn the already elaborate initials and sometimes blend together, e.g. an acanthus leaf taking the place of a hat.

A Mysterious Masterpiece

Although lacking any indication of a precise date of origin, researchers have been able to discern that this manuscript was made in mid-16th century France based upon the watermarks on the paper itself and a note reading “A Châteaudun”, which lies between Chartres and Tours and is the location where the paper was likely fabricated. An elaborate full-page “M” initial found at the end of the manuscript may be a clue regarding the identity of the scribe who created this calligraphic masterpiece. Meanwhile, an awkwardly written note on f. 26v reading “Francois M” could refer to a former owner, possibly the original owner, so perhaps the elaborate “M” initial is a reference to this. Nevertheless, alphabet books from the Late Gothic period like this are extremely rare, making this lavish specimen all the more precious.