Bible of Niketas
The Bible of Niketas is a monumental Bible manuscript consisting of several volumes, which was created in the late 10th century for a Byzantine court official named Niketas. The three surviving volumes are now located in Florence, Copenhagen, and Turin. They are all copies of a much older, late antique Bible from the 6th century. The text layout and the opulent, full-page miniatures that introduce the individual books of the Bible also reveal deliberate references to ancient book traditions. The Bible of Niketas is thus a wonderful example of the tradition-minded artistry of the heyday of the Macedonian Renaissance and reflects not least the self-image of the Byzantine emperors. The Bible manuscript also testifies to a high intellectual claim, as the ancient Greek Bible text was supplemented by an impressive apparatus of exegetical commentaries, which frames the sacred lines and sometimes takes on figurative forms. This complex content and the artistic sophistication of the text and images suggest that the work may have been produced by skilled hands in the imperial scriptorium itself. A masterpiece of early medieval Byzantine book art!
Codicology
- Alternative Titles
- Bibel des Niketas
- Size / Format
- 186 pages / 33.8 × 24.1 cm
- Origin
- Turkey
- Date
- Late 10th century
- Epochs
- Style
- Genre
- Language
- Script
- Epigraphic display majuscule Alexandrian majuscule Pearl script
- Illustrations
- Magnificent, full-page frontispices in elaborate frames at the beginning of each book of the Old Testament as well as artistic calligrams
- Content
- Old Testament
- Patron
- Niketas
Bible of Niketas
The Minor Prophets
The Turin fragment of the magnificent Bible of Niketas contains the so-called Book of the Twelve, which comprises the writings of the twelve “minor” prophets. The opulently illuminated title page that introduces this biblical book shows the first six of them in canonical order: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah (from top left to bottom right).
All six are represented in highly individual half-length portraits and identified as authors by their accompanying scrolls. Each portrait is part of a medallion framed by a beautiful deocorated border with acanthus ornament. Additionally, these framings are artfully intertwined with each other. In this way, each author is honored with an individual image, yet their connection is visualized.

#1 Die Bibel des Niketa. Ein Werk der höfischen Buchkunst in Byzanz und sein justinianisches Vorbild.
Language: German
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