Echternach Sacramentary and Antiphonary
The Echternach Sacramentary and Antiphonary is a forerunner of the Roman missal and a codex of tremendous artistic and musicological value. This 11th century codex was made for Echternach Abbey and may have been produced there as well. The manuscript features Neume notation and is decorated with miniatures and decorative initials.
Echternach Sacramentary and Antiphonary
The arrangement of chants and prayers to be said by the priest in successive groups makes the Echternach Sacramentary and Antiphonary a forerunner of the Roman missal. It is considered a masterpiece of early German illumination due to it numerous miniatures and splendid initials. In each table, the notated chants are set down one after the other, followed by the orations. The chants with their Neume notation are written in small script between the carefully executed letters. The rich ornamentation of both the script and the miniatures gives this manuscript extraordinary artistic value in addition to its great musicological worth. The manuscript was written and illuminated ca. 1030 for Echternach Abbey, although a few stylistic features indicate that it may have originated in Echternach itself.
Codicology
- Alternative Titles
- Echternacher Sakramentar und Antiphonar
- Size / Format
- 556 pages / 23.6 × 16.7 cm
- Origin
- Luxembourg
- Date
- Ca. 1030
- Style
- Language
- Script
- Carolingian minuscule Carolingian uncial Carolingian capitals
- Content
- Prayers and chants with Neume notation
Echternach Sacramentary and Antiphonary
Incipit Page: Gregorian Introit for Easter Sunday
This fabulous “R” initial has all the hallmarks of Ottonian illumination: an elaborate incipit page created with an acanthus leaf frame, fine interlace, a purple background, as well as both gold and silver leaf. The page presents the opening lines of the Introit, the liturgical celebration of the Eucharist, for recitation at mass on Easter Sunday according to the Gregorian tradition: RESURREXI ET ADHUC TECUM SUM ALLELUIA or “I have risen and am always with you. Hallelujah.”

Echternach Sacramentary and Antiphonary
Christ Benedictory
Here we have a splendid Ottonian miniature presented before a burnished, Byzantine-style gold background, which gives a timeless and spaceless feel to the image. Christ has a monumental, statuesque appearance, staring at and even through the beholder. Arms stretched out, he makes the sign of benediction with his right hand and upholds the Gospels with his left.
The scene is presented within a typically-Ottonian frame with a pattern of red, pink, green, and blue with gold leaf highlights. The Apostle kneeling before Christ appears as though he is sitting on the edge of the frame. Aside from adding dynamism to the image, it gives the impression that like the beholder, he is removed from the image and separated from the divine.

#1 Das Echternacher Sakramentar und Antiphonar
Language: German
K. H. Staub (codicology), P. Ulveling (musicology), and F. Unterkircher (liturgy)
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