Picture Bible of Saint Louis

Picture Bible of Saint Louis – M. Moleiro Editor – MS M.240 – The Morgan Library & Museum (New York, USA)

Paris (France) β€” 1226–1234

3 huge volumes, equipped with more than 4,800(!) golden picture medallions for King Louis the Saint: one of the most extensively and magnificently illuminated works in the history of book illumination

  1. This three-volume masterpiece was commissioned by the powerful Blanche of Castile (1188–1252) for her son, King Louis IX, the Saint (1214–1270)

  2. 4,800+ breathtaking medallion miniatures make it an inexhaustible source about medieval court life for scholars

  3. One of the King's most precious book treasures, it had a moralizing and educational purpose

Picture Bible of Saint Louis

Facsimile Copy Available!
Price Category: €€€€€
(over 10,000€)
  1. Description
  2. Detail Picture
  3. Single Page
  4. Facsimile Editions (3)
Description
Picture Bible of Saint Louis

The Picture Bible of Saint Louis is one of the most extensive and splendid works in the history of book illumination. Commissioned by the powerful Blanche of Castile (1188–1252), first queen and later regent of France, the three large-format volumes of this book treasure were decorated by several leading Parisian illuminators with an incredible total of 4887 golden pictorial medallions, which impressively retell the stories of the Bible. In brilliant blues and muted reds, the equally elegant and expressive bodies of the countless figures appear against the luminous gold background, making the work an almost inexhaustible source on medieval court life. This breathtaking splendor is accompanied by a selection of important biblical passages and juxtaposed theological commentary, making the luxury manuscripts truly unique beyond their illumination. Blanche had this breathtaking book treasure created for her son, King Louis the Saint (1214–1270), who later gifted the manuscript to the King of Castile and LeΓ³n, Alfonso the Wise (1221–1284), who was himself a great lover of the arts.

Picture Bible of Saint Louis

Blanche of Castile was one of the most powerful figures of her time. After serving as Queen of France for only three years as the wife of Louis VIII, she assumed the regency of the kingdom when her husband died in 1226 and his underage heir, Louis IX the Pious, ascended the throne at the age of just 12. With her political skill and fierce determination, she quelled rebellions, brought an end to the Albigensian Crusadeβ€”which had cost her husband his lifeβ€”and integrated Languedoc into French territory. Beginning in 1230, Blanche increasingly involved Louis in the affairs of state, until he assumed full regency in 1234 after reaching the age of majority.

A Kingly Cultural Asset

At some point during her regency, Blanche of Castile commissioned a biblical manuscript for Louis that set new standards with its exuberant splendor and can also be understood as an expression of her self-image. The most talented book artists of 13th-century Paris adorned the Bible moralisΓ©e with no fewer than more than 4,800 gold-decorated miniatures, which represent a truly inexhaustible source for anyone interested in theology, history, sociology, art, and art history. The manuscript served not only Louis the Pious for his religious instruction but also many other pretenders to the French throne. It is an exceptional testament to the culture at the French royal court in the 13th century.

Exquisite Illustration

Judging by the rich appointment of the work, it is immediately recognizable that the Picture Bible of Saint Louis could only be a book fit for a king. The images of the manuscript illustrate in an excellent manner the events, which are described in the text of the bible. They reflect the fine style of French Gothic painting, which is also found in the great wall paintings of the time. Each magnificent miniature was equipped with high-quality colors and gold leaf in the most varied implementations. The large page format of the book allows each miniature page a truly monumental effect. Due to the rich application of paint and opulent gold embellishment, each page of the work could only be painted on one side. Thus it was ensured that the outstanding picture would not run.

Unique in Every Aspect

Not only the luxurious image inventory of the work, but also its particular textual content make the bible of King Louis a unique book treasure of the Middle Ages. This was not a typical bible, but rather a selection of important bible pages, which were accompanied by a theological commentary. All of that indicates that the passages were used for the pedagogical development of princes and future kings. Saint Louis gifted his bible to King Alfonso X of Castile, who listed it in his will as the most beautiful and richest thing given to him by the king of France.

Codicology

Alternative Titles
Rich Bible of Toledo
Biblia de San Luis
Bibel Ludwigs des Heiligen
Bibbia di San Luigi
Bible de Saint Louis
BΓ­blia de SΓ£o LuΓ­s
Size / Format
3 volumes - 1,230 pages / 42.2 Γ— 30.0 cm
Origin
France
Date
1226–1234
Style
Language
Script
Gothic Textura
Illustrations
4887 medallions containing illuminated scenes
Content
Bible moralisΓ©e
Patron
Blanche of Castile, regent of France (1188–1252)
Previous Owners
King Louis IX, St. Louis (1214–1270)
Alfonso X the Wise
J. P. Morgan

Available facsimile editions:
Picture Bible of Saint Louis – M. Moleiro Editor – MS M.240 – The Morgan Library & Museum (New York, USA)
M. Moleiro Editor – Barcelona, 1999
Limited Edition: 987 copies

Picture Bible of Saint Louis – Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt (ADEVA) – MS M.240 – The Morgan Library & Museum (New York, USA)
Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt (ADEVA) – Graz, 1995
Limited Edition: 250 copies

Picture Bible of Saint Louis – Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt (ADEVA) – MS M.240 – The Morgan Library & Museum (New York, USA)
Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt (ADEVA) – Graz, 1995
Limited Edition: 980 copies
Detail Picture

Picture Bible of Saint Louis

Patron Portrait

A queen and a young beardless king are presented in the upper register of this miniature and although there is no clear indication of who they are, it is believed to be Blanche de Castile and her son, the future King Louis IX. Thus, both patron and recipient are depicted here. They are presented within architectural frames backed by gold leaf, which has been embossed around the King. His feet stick out from the frame and his mother’s dress overflows from the miniature in a similar manner.

Picture Bible of Saint Louis – M. Moleiro Editor – MS M.240 – The Morgan Library & Museum (New York, USA)
Single Page

Picture Bible of Saint Louis

Grand Architect of the Universe

This frontispiece depicting God as the architect of creation with compass in hand is one of the most important images of the Middle Ages. He is enthroned within a magnificent golden quatrefoil mandorla trimmed in green and orange and wears a blue cloak symbolizing humanity. Within the orbed cosmos that he holds, four angels perform his commands as the events of the first ten verses of the Book of Genesis unfold.

The entire background is gold leaf, that and the four angels, two of them inverted, are meant to portray the timeless and spaceless nature of the pre-creation universe. This Gothic masterpiece is strongly influenced by Byzantine art, especially with regard to perspective and God’s appearance as the mild but stern and all-powerful ruler of the world.

Picture Bible of Saint Louis – M. Moleiro Editor – MS M.240 – The Morgan Library & Museum (New York, USA)
Facsimile Editions

#1 Biblia de San Luis

M. Moleiro Editor – Barcelona, 1999
Picture Bible of Saint Louis – M. Moleiro Editor – MS M.240 – The Morgan Library & Museum (New York, USA)
Picture Bible of Saint Louis – M. Moleiro Editor – MS M.240 – The Morgan Library & Museum (New York, USA) Copyright Photos: Ziereis Facsimiles

Publisher: M. Moleiro Editor – Barcelona, 1999
Limited Edition: 987 copies
Binding: Brown leather binding with two clasps
Commentary: 2 volumes (1,511/496 pages) by RamΓ³n GonzΓ‘lvez, Francisco J. HernΓ‘ndez, Manuel GonzΓ‘lez, John Lowden, Klaus Reinhardt, FranΓ§ois Boespflug and Yves Christe
Languages: Spanish, English
3 volumes: Exact reproduction of the original document (extent, color and size) Reproduction of the entire original document as detailed as possible (scope, format, colors). The binding may not correspond to the original or current document binding.
Facsimile Copy Available!
Price Category: €€€€€
(over 10,000€)

#2 Die Bibel Ludwigs des Heiligen (Real Gold Edition)

Publisher: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt (ADEVA) – Graz, 1995
Limited Edition: 250 copies
Binding: Leather binding with blind embossing, cloth case.
Commentary: 1 volume (100 pages) by Hans-Walter Stork
Languages: German, English

Explaining the universal approach taken by Moralized Bibles requires a comment from a theological and an exegetic point of view, but also from the angles of philology, iconography and the history of art. To meet these requirements, the scholarly commentary edited by Hans-Walter Stork offers first a transcription and translation of both text and commentary in Latin. Then the holistic composition is placed in the context of contemporary Apocalypse exegesis. The art historic contribution examines the New York fragment in context with other Moralized Bibles produced in the era of Saint Louis.
1 volume: This facsimile is not complete. Reproduction of the 8 folios of the original document kept in Morgan Library & Museum (Ms. M. 240) as detailed as possible (scope, format, colors). The binding may not correspond to the original or current document binding. The sheets are true to the original edge trimmed. For the illumination of the facsimile real gold was used.
Facsimile Copy Available!
Price Category: €€
(1,000€ - 3,000€)

#3 Die Bibel Ludwigs des Heiligen (Normal Edition)

Publisher: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt (ADEVA) – Graz, 1995
Limited Edition: 980 copies
Binding: Vellum imitation
Commentary: 1 volume (100 pages) by Hans-Walter Stork
Languages: German, English

Explaining the universal approach taken by Moralized Bibles requires a comment from a theological and an exegetic point of view, but also from the angles of philology, iconography and the history of art. To meet these requirements, the scholarly commentary edited by Hans-Walter Stork offers first a transcription and translation of both text and commentary in Latin. Then the holistic composition is placed in the context of contemporary Apocalypse exegesis. The art historic contribution examines the New York fragment in context with other Moralized Bibles produced in the era of Saint Louis.
1 volume: This facsimile is not complete. Reproduction of the 8 folios of the original document kept in Morgan Library & Museum (Ms. M. 240) as detailed as possible (scope, format, colors). The binding may not correspond to the original or current document binding. The sheets are true to the original edge trimmed.
Facsimile Copy Available!
Price Category: €
(under 1,000€)
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