Pontifical of Boniface IX

Pontifical of Boniface IX

Among the numerous illuminated manuscripts in the famous Vatican Library, some of the greatest masterpieces of medieval book art are to be found. One of these valuable works is the Pontifical of Pope Boniface IX. It is a breathtaking illustrated prayer book that was used in the Gothic period during ceremonial masses on various church festivals. The manuscript was commissioned at the end of the 14th century by Pope Boniface IX and contains numerous delightfully decorated initials and subtly patterned borders alongside eleven graceful, full-page miniatures.

What is a Pontifical?

A pontifical is a liturgical book with instructions and texts for festive, ritual Masses and celebrations of the Catholic Church, which would be performed or led by a bishop. Instructions for the performance of lower and higher consecrations and other ritual actions, which were to be implemented by the bishop were found in historical pontificals. For example, the rules of a pontifical were used for the consecration of deacons and priests, as well as the ceremonial of a coronation. Many historical pontificals are splendidly designed and represent antiquarian treasures today. The Pontifical of Boniface IX is a famous example of this.

Enchanting Book Illustration

Nearly every page of the valuable manuscript is charmingly illuminated. The codex contains eleven full-page miniatures that reflect the narrative joy of the anonymous illuminator in a fanciful manner. The vivid images in fresh colors show high spiritual and secular representatives of the church performing important church duties. The opulent application of gold leaf in the miniatures attests to the noble character of the work. Also, no expense was spared for the colorful and golden elements of the manifold decorative frames that adorn each page of the book. This pontifical is one of the most impressive examples of Late Gothic European book art.