Washington Haggadah
The Washington Haggadah is one of the most lavishly illuminated Haggadot to have survived to this day. The Ashkenazi manuscript is the work of the gifted Cologne book artist Joel ben Simeon (c. 1420βc. 1492), who specialized in Haggadot and was active throughout the German-speaking area, but also spent much of his career in northern Italy. He was not only responsible for the artistic writing of the texts for the Seder, but also for the wonderful, gold-decorated illumination, which is second to none. It combines traditional Ashkenazi, i.e. Central and Eastern European Haggadah iconography with artistic elements of the Italian tradition. During his travels in Italy, Joel ben Simeon also adopted the fine drawing style typical of the Early Renaissance. Thus, the Washington Haggadah is a valuable testimony to the lively cultural exchange in the Late Middle Ages, to which its itinerant master actively contributed as a intermediary. Furthermore, the numerous illuminations of ritual acts, with their detailed depictions of clothing, food, and other everyday objects, provide a fascinating insight into Jewish life in Ashkenaz around 1478.
Codicology
- Alternative Titles
- Washingtoner Haggadah
- Size / Format
- 76 pages / 22.5 Γ 15.5 cm
- Origin
- Germany
- Date
- January 29, 1478
- Epochs
- Genre
- Language
- Script
- Ashkenazic Square Script
- Illustrations
- 10 splendid headpieces, 15 marginalia, numerous fleuronnΓ©e initials
- Content
- Texts for the ritual of Passover Seder
- Artist / School
- Joel ben Simeon (scribe and illuminator)
- Previous Owners
- Provenzali family
Ephraim Deinard
Washington Haggadah
Preparing the Seder Meal
βLet anyone who is hungry come and eat,β it says just a few pages before this humorous illustration, which offers a glimpse into Jewish everyday life in the 15th century. The three people depicted are busy preparing the grand feast, but they are clearly not part of the same family. While the two women on the left are dressed in exquisite, colorful robes, sitting across from them by the hearthβover which the Passover lamb is already roastingβis a blond man in tattered clothing with ulcers on his neck. Their expressions clearly show that the two well-to-do ladies take little pleasure in carrying out this commandment.

Washington Haggadah
The Messiahβs Entry into Jerusalem
Praying for and hoping for the arrival of the Messiahβalso known as the Goβel or Redeemerβis deeply rooted in Jewish tradition. The Book of Zechariah in the Tanakh announces his coming in an unknown future as follows: βRejoice greatly, Fair Zion; Raise a shout, Fair Jerusalem! Lo, your king is coming to you. He is victorious, triumphant, Yet humble, riding on a donkey, On a jackass foaled by a jenny.β (9:9)
Although this prophecy is not a direct part of the Passover liturgy, some medieval Haggadah manuscripts from German- and Italian-speaking regions feature illustrations of the Messiahβs entry into Jerusalemβincluding the Washington Haggadah. The messianic motif occupies a surprisingly large area here and depicts the Redeemer riding a donkey alongside four other figures, all of whom are depicted much smaller.

#1 The Washington Haggadah
Language: English
#2 The Washington Haggadah
Language: English
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